{"id":11847,"date":"2021-11-09T08:30:21","date_gmt":"2021-11-09T13:30:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.esitechnologies.com\/?p=11847"},"modified":"2025-07-28T16:37:40","modified_gmt":"2025-07-28T20:37:40","slug":"identifier-et-etablir-les-priorites-des-investissements-en-cybersecurite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.esitechnologies.com\/fr\/identifier-et-etablir-les-priorites-des-investissements-en-cybersecurite\/","title":{"rendered":"Identifier et \u00e9tablir les priorit\u00e9s des investissements en cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Identifier et \u00e9tablir les priorit\u00e9s des investissements en cybers\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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La s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l\u2019information est assur\u00e9ment un souci de plus en plus aigu pour les gestionnaires TI et accapare une part de plus en plus importante des budgets technologiques.<\/p>

Comment identifier les investissements les plus opportuns et optimaux en s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l\u2019information? Quelles actions doivent \u00eatre entreprises en priorit\u00e9?<\/p>

\u00c9tape 1 : \u00c9tablir la posture en s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l’information<\/strong><\/h5>

Pour estimer la posture en s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l\u2019information, il faut pr\u00e9senter aux principaux gestionnaires et experts de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des TI un questionnaire qui reprend les sous-cat\u00e9gories du r\u00e9f\u00e9rentiel du NIST[1]<\/a> permettant de quantifier le degr\u00e9 de conformit\u00e9 de l\u2019organisation. L\u2019important est d\u2019utiliser le m\u00eame r\u00e9f\u00e9rentiel pour ainsi mesurer au fil du temps l\u2019\u00e9volution de la posture. Il est essentiel de choisir des participants des diff\u00e9rents paliers de l\u2019organisation\u00a0: strat\u00e9gique (hauts gestionnaires), tactique (gestionnaires de premier niveau) et op\u00e9rationnel (professionnels experts).<\/p>

Ce questionnaire peut \u00eatre rempli de fa\u00e7on individuelle et autonome, mais il est aussi possible d\u2019obtenir les informations \u00e0 l\u2019aide d\u2019entrevues individuelles ou en groupe.<\/p>

La posture d\u2019une valeur de 1 \u00e0 5 est \u00e9tablie en calculant la moyenne des r\u00e9ponses par sous-cat\u00e9gorie.<\/p>

\u00c9tape 2 : Comparer les r\u00e9sultats avec des entreprises similaires<\/h5>

Les r\u00e9f\u00e9rentiels tels que le NIST sont utilis\u00e9s par plusieurs organisations dans diff\u00e9rents domaines d\u2019affaires. Certains fournisseurs, notamment BitSight (https:\/\/www.bitsight.com\/<\/a>), ont d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 une offre permettant \u00e0 des organisations membres de comparer leur posture de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 entre elles. Ainsi une organisation peut d\u00e9terminer si sa posture se compare avantageusement par rapport \u00e0 d\u2019autres dans son domaine d\u2019activit\u00e9, ou, le cas \u00e9ch\u00e9ant, identifier des pistes d\u2019am\u00e9lioration \u00e0 entreprendre.<\/p>

\u00c9tape 3 : \u00c9laborer un plan d’action<\/h5>

La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape de l\u2019\u00e9laboration du plan d\u2019action en s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l\u2019information consiste \u00e0 \u00e9tablir les priorit\u00e9s. Pour ce faire, les participants doivent remplir une seconde fois le questionnaire, mais en prenant compte du degr\u00e9 de conformit\u00e9 d\u00e9sir\u00e9 dans 3 ans, pour chacune des sous-cat\u00e9gories du r\u00e9f\u00e9rentiel NIST. Notons qu\u2019il est opportun que les participants soient inform\u00e9s de la posture en s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l\u2019information et des r\u00e9sultats de la comparaison avec d\u2019autres organisations du m\u00eame domaine d\u2019activit\u00e9.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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[1]<\/a> Bien que l\u2019article d\u00e9signe le r\u00e9f\u00e9rentiel NIST, la m\u00eame approche peut \u00e9galement \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9e en utilisant le r\u00e9f\u00e9rentiel ISO 27002.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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L\u2019\u00e9cart entre la posture actuelle et celle d\u2019ici 3 ans doit \u00eatre pond\u00e9r\u00e9 avec le niveau de risque \u00e9valu\u00e9 en cas de statu quo. Les \u00e9carts de posture allant de 0 \u00e0 4 seront multipli\u00e9s par l\u2019\u00e9valuation de la probabilit\u00e9 d\u2019un incident (not\u00e9 de 1 \u00e0 5) et de la gravit\u00e9 de son impact (lui aussi not\u00e9 de 1 \u00e0 5). Une note de 0 \u00e0 100 est ainsi associ\u00e9e \u00e0 chacune des sous-cat\u00e9gories du r\u00e9f\u00e9rentiel NIST..<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u00ab Pour proc\u00e9der \u00e0 la s\u00e9lection finale des sous-cat\u00e9gories prioritaires, il est n\u00e9cessaire de prendre un certain recul et tenir compte du niveau hi\u00e9rarchique d\u2019un participant dans l\u2019organisation et du nombre de r\u00e9pondants par palier. \u00bb<\/h4>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u00c0 titre d\u2019exemple, dans le cas d\u2019une entreprise publique pour lesquelles les incidents de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 risquent d\u2019\u00eatre rendus publics, il peut \u00eatre opportun d\u2019attribuer une pond\u00e9ration plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e aux r\u00e9ponses des gestionnaires strat\u00e9giques portant sur les risques ayant un impact sur l\u2019image de l\u2019organisation. De plus comme ces derniers sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement d\u2019un nombre moindre que les r\u00e9pondants du palier op\u00e9rationnel, on aura le souci d\u2019\u00e9viter que les r\u00e9ponses des r\u00e9pondants de paliers sup\u00e9rieurs ne soient dilu\u00e9es dans celles des r\u00e9pondants du palier op\u00e9rationnel.<\/p>

L\u2019approche consiste par la suite \u00e0 traduire la s\u00e9lection finale des sous-cat\u00e9gories retenues (une dizaine), en initiatives \u00e0 entreprendre pour produire les contr\u00f4les ou livrables identifi\u00e9s par le r\u00e9f\u00e9rentiel NIST. La production de ces livrables permet de d\u00e9montrer l\u2019atteinte du niveau de conformit\u00e9 souhait\u00e9.<\/p>

Pour produire le plan d\u2019action en s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l\u2019information, il faut \u00e9chelonner dans le temps la r\u00e9alisation des initiatives en fonction de divers facteurs bien connus de la gestion de portefeuille de projets tels que les orientations strat\u00e9giques de l\u2019entreprise, la disponibilit\u00e9 des ressources, etc.<\/p>

Conclusion\u00a0<\/h5>

Cette approche permet d\u2019\u00e9valuer la posture en s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l\u2019information, d\u2019identifier et d\u2019\u00e9tablir les initiatives \u00e0 entreprendre en priorit\u00e9, tout en tentant compte des points de vue des gestionnaires et experts de l\u2019organisation.<\/p>

Le degr\u00e9 de pr\u00e9cision de l\u2019estimation de la posture en s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l\u2019information obtenue ne peut rivaliser avec un audit ind\u00e9pendant bas\u00e9 sur la production de preuves irr\u00e9futables. Toutefois, compte tenu des courts d\u00e9lais et du faible co\u00fbt de son utilisation, cette approche peut \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9e \u00e0 une fr\u00e9quence plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e et permettre ainsi d\u2019adapter le plan d\u2019action en s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l\u2019information \u00e0 la vitesse de l\u2019\u00e9volution du contexte dans lequel \u0153uvre l\u2019organisation.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Bernard Plante<\/strong><\/em>
Conseiller strat\u00e9gique
ESI Technologies<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pour produire le plan d\u2019action en s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l\u2019information, il faut \u00e9chelonner dans le temps la r\u00e9alisation des initiatives en fonction de divers facteurs bien connus de la gestion de portefeuille de projets tels que les orientations strat\u00e9giques de l\u2019entreprise, la disponibilit\u00e9 des ressources, etc.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":6990,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","_oasis_is_in_workflow":0,"_oasis_original":0,"_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_tribe_ticket_capacity":"0","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false,"footnotes":"","_tec_slr_enabled":"","_tec_slr_layout":""},"categories":[21,67,20],"tags":[79,78,111,76],"class_list":["post-11847","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cybersecurity","category-services-professionnels","category-strategie-liee-aux-donnees","tag-gouvernance","tag-planification","tag-securite","tag-strategie","types-blogue"],"yoast_head":"\nIdentifier 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